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1.
Gac Sanit ; 2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38519323

RESUMO

The first detection of the tiger mosquito, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894), in the autonomous community of Galicia (Spain) is reported. The finding has been possible thanks to the collaboration between citizens, the citizen science application Mosquito Alert and the Rede Galega de Vixilancia de Vectores (ReGaViVec). At the beginning of August 2023, a same person submitted through the app several reports consistent with the tiger mosquito in the municipality of Moaña, in Pontevedra. The ReGaViVec entomological team confirmed the species and conducted vector surveillance in the area by placing traps (11 ovitraps and 3 BG-Sentinel 2 with BG-Lure attractant) with a weekly collection frequency. This finding represents the most northwestern detection of the tiger mosquito in the Iberian Peninsula and shows the crucial role of citizen science in vector surveillance.

2.
Foods ; 9(11)2020 Nov 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33182842

RESUMO

Emerging risk identification is a priority for the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The goal of the Galician Emerging Food Safety Risks Network (RISEGAL) is the identification of emerging risks in foods produced and commercialized in Galicia (northwest Spain) in order to propose prevention plans and mitigation strategies. In this work, RISEGAL applied a systematic approach for the identification of emerging food safety risks potentially affecting bivalve shellfish. First, a comprehensive review of scientific databases was carried out to identify hazards most quoted as emerging in bivalves in the period 2016-2018. Then, identified hazards were semiquantitatively assessed by a panel of food safety experts, who scored them accordingly with the five evaluation criteria proposed by EFSA: novelty, soundness, imminence, scale, and severity. Scores determined that perfluorinated compounds, antimicrobial resistance, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, hepatitis E virus (HEV), and antimicrobial residues are the emerging hazards that are considered most imminent and severe and that could cause safety problems of the highest scale in the bivalve value chain by the majority of the experts consulted (75%). Finally, in a preliminary way, an exploratory study carried out in the Galician Rías highlighted the presence of HEV in mussels cultivated in class B production areas.

3.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 52(5): 327-334, mayo 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201077

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la mejora en la prescripción del tratamiento ante una sospecha de infección gonocócica tras desarrollarse una intervención sanitaria específica; además, conocer la fracción de casos diagnosticados por cultivo y las resistencias antimicrobianas de las cepas de Neisseria gonorrhoeae que circulan en nuestra comunidad. Emplazamiento: Galicia, España. DISEÑO: Estudio antes-después de la adherencia al tratamiento recomendado para la infección gonocócica (ceftriaxona más azitromicina), tras una intervención de Salud Pública. PARTICIPANTES: Todos los médicos de atención primaria que identifican y tratan un caso de infección gonocócica. PERIODO DE ESTUDIO: Preintervención (2012-13) y postintervención (2014-17). INTERVENCIONES: Se facilitó el acceso en atención primaria al tratamiento recomendado (ceftriaxona y azitromicina) y se difundió toda la información a los médicos de atención primaria y microbiólogos a través de la publicación Venres Epidemiolóxico. Mediciones principales: Las variables a estudio fueron: año, tratamiento prescrito, realización de cultivo, sensibilidad a antibióticos. Se calcularon los porcentajes para cada una de ellas. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento recomendado se empleó en un 3% en 2012-2013, aumentando, después de las intervenciones, a un 58% de media. La frecuencia de cultivo se mantuvo relativamente constante después de las intervenciones. La sensibilidad a otros antibióticos mejoró al disminuir su uso. CONCLUSIONES: Las intervenciones realizadas supusieron una mejora en la adherencia al tratamiento recomendado para la infección gonocócica en Galicia


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate improvements in the prescriptions for gonococcal infection after developing a specific public health intervention. Furthermore, to ascertain the proportion of cases diagnosed by culture and current antimicrobial resistance. LOCATION: Galicia, Spain. DESIGN: Before-after study of adherence to the recommended treatment for gonococcal infection (ceftriaxone + azithromycin) after a Public Health intervention. PARTICIPANTS: All Primary Care physicians who had identified and treated a case of gonococcal infection. Study period: Preintervention (2012-13) and postintervention (2014-17). INTERVENTIONS: Access to the recommended treatment (ceftriaxone and azithromycin) was provided in Primary Care and all the information was disseminated to Primary Care physicians and microbiologists through the publication Venres Epidemiolóxico. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The study variables were year, prescribed treatment, performing of culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing. The percentages for each of them were calculated. RESULTS: The recommended treatment was used in 3% in 2012-2013, and after the interventions it increased to a mean of 58%. The frequency of culture remained relatively constant after the interventions. Sensitivity to other antibiotics improved as their use decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The interventions carried out implied an improvement in the adherence to the recommended treatment for gonococcal infection in Galicia


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Gonorreia/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Gonorreia/microbiologia , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/classificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Atenção Primária à Saúde
4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 Jan 24.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31974339

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In Galicia, the incidence (I) of hepatitis A (HA) is low and the susceptibility is 51% in adults (18-64 years). Between 2016 and 2018 the cases increased, mainly in men. We intend to describe the cases of HA in Galicia during this outbreak period (PB), compare them with the pre-outbreak period (PPB), and the interventions performed. METHODS: Descriptive study of the cases of HA declared between 2016-18 (PB), compared to those from the previous period (2010-2015, PPB). Cases recorded in the mandatory notification system (general practice, hospitalization and microbiology) from 2010 to 2018 were included. For the pre-outbreak period 2010-2015 (PPB) it was calculated the average of cases/four-week period to compare observed/expected cases; the incidence (I) [cases/100,000 inhabitants (c/105h)] by sex and age was compared with the PPB through the Relative Risk (RR). It were sent messages with recommendations through men who have sex with men (MSM) reference websites. RESULTS: The outbreak lasted 80 weeks (september of 2016 to march of 2018). The incidence was 3 cases/105h in men and 0.5 cases/105h in women. Compared to the PPB, the RR-PB in men was 4.8 (95%CI=4-7) and 20.4 (95%CI=5-87) in 40-44 years. 42% of men declared to have relationships with other men (57% in 20-30 years). At the end of 2016, a message with recommendations (specially vaccination) was sent via Wapo (promoted to MSM through one of its reference websites), where 331 entries were registered. CONCLUSIONS: HA's incidence, in Galicia, increased in 2016-2018 by an outbreak in MSM. We found an increased susceptibility among young people which makes necessary to insist on the vaccination of groups at risk.


OBJETIVO: En Galicia, la incidencia (I) de hepatitis A (HA) es baja y la susceptibilidad es del 51% en adultos (18-64 años). Entre 2016 y 2018 se incrementaron los casos, fundamentalmente en hombres. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los casos de HA en Galicia en este periodo de brote (PB), compararlos con el periodo pre-brote (PPB), y describir las intervenciones realizadas. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los casos de HA declarados entre 2016-2018 (PB), comparados con los del periodo previo (2010-2015, PPB). Se incluyeron los casos del Sistema de Notificación Obligatoria (por atención primaria, hospitalaria y microbiología) de 2010 a 2018. Se calculó el canal epidémico para el PPB, como media de casos/cuatrisemana para comparar casos observados/esperados. La incidencia (I) [casos por cada 100.000 habitantes (c/105h)] por sexo y edad se comparó con el PPB mediante el Riesgo Relativo (RR). Se enviaron mensajes con recomendaciones específicas a través de webs de referencia para hombres que tenían sexo con hombres (HSH). RESULTADOS: El brote duró 20 cuatrisemanas (septiembre de 2016 a marzo de 2018). La incidencia fue de 3 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes en hombres y 0,5 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes en mujeres. Frente al PPB, el RR-PB en hombres fue 4,8 (IC95%=4-7) y 20,4 (IC95%=5-87) entre 40 y 44 años. El 42% de los hombres respondieron tener relaciones con otros hombres (el 57% entre 20 y 30 años). A finales de 2016 se envió a través de Wapo (una de las webs de referencia de HSH) un mensaje con recomendaciones (fundamentalmente sobre vacunación), registrándose 331 entradas. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de HA aumenta en Galicia en el período 2016-2018 por un brote en HSH. La susceptibilidad se incrementa entre jóvenes, lo que hace necesario insistir en la vacunación de los grupos de riesgo.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hepatite A/terapia , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Aten Primaria ; 52(5): 327-334, 2020 05.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31164232

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate improvements in the prescriptions for gonococcal infection after developing a specific public health intervention. Furthermore, to ascertain the proportion of cases diagnosed by culture and current antimicrobial resistance. LOCATION: Galicia, Spain. DESIGN: Before-after study of adherence to the recommended treatment for gonococcal infection (ceftriaxone + azithromycin) after a Public Health intervention. PARTICIPANTS: All Primary Care physicians who had identified and treated a case of gonococcal infection. STUDY PERIOD: Preintervention (2012-13) and postintervention (2014-17). INTERVENTIONS: Access to the recommended treatment (ceftriaxone and azithromycin) was provided in Primary Care and all the information was disseminated to Primary Care physicians and microbiologists through the publication Venres Epidemiolóxico. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The study variables were year, prescribed treatment, performing of culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing. The percentages for each of them were calculated. RESULTS: The recommended treatment was used in 3% in 2012-2013, and after the interventions it increased to a mean of 58%. The frequency of culture remained relatively constant after the interventions. Sensitivity to other antibiotics improved as their use decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The interventions carried out implied an improvement in the adherence to the recommended treatment for gonococcal infection in Galicia.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Gonorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Adesão à Medicação , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Controlados Antes e Depois , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Microbiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/efeitos dos fármacos , Médicos de Atenção Primária , Vigilância da População , Quinolonas/uso terapêutico , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
6.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193573

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: En Galicia, la incidencia (I) de hepatitis A (HA) es baja y la susceptibilidad es del 51% en adultos (18-64 años). Entre 2016 y 2018 se incrementaron los casos, fundamentalmente en hombres. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los casos de HA en Galicia en este periodo de brote (PB), compararlos con el periodo pre-brote (PPB), y describir las intervenciones realizadas. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los casos de HA declarados entre 2016-2018 (PB), comparados con los del periodo previo (2010-2015, PPB). Se incluyeron los casos del Sistema de Notificación Obligatoria (por atención primaria, hospitalaria y microbiología) de 2010 a 2018. Se calculó el canal epidémico para el PPB, como media de casos/cuatrisemana para comparar casos observados/esperados. La incidencia (I) [casos por cada 100.000 habitantes (c/105h)] por sexo y edad se comparó con el PPB mediante el Riesgo Relativo (RR). Se enviaron mensajes con recomendaciones específicas a través de webs de referencia para hombres que tenían sexo con hombres (HSH). RESULTADOS: El brote duró 20 cuatrisemanas (septiembre de 2016 a marzo de 2018). La incidencia fue de 3 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes en hombres y 0,5 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes en mujeres. Frente al PPB, el RR-PB en hombres fue 4,8 (IC95%=4-7) y 20,4 (IC95%=5-87) entre 40 y 44 años. El 42% de los hombres respondieron tener relaciones con otros hombres (el 57% entre 20 y 30 años). A finales de 2016 se envió a través de Wapo (una de las webs de referencia de HSH) un mensaje con recomendaciones (fundamentalmente sobre vacunación), registrándose 331 entradas. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de HA aumenta en Galicia en el período 2016-2018 por un brote en HSH. La susceptibilidad se incrementa entre jóvenes, lo que hace necesario insistir en la vacunación de los grupos de riesgo


OBJECTIVE: In Galicia, the incidence (I) of hepatitis A (HA) is low and the susceptibility is 51% in adults (18-64 years). Between 2016 and 2018 the cases increased, mainly in men. We intend to describe the cases of HA in Galicia during this outbreak period (PB), compare them with the pre-outbreak period (PPB), and the interventions performed. METHODS: Descriptive study of the cases of HA declared between 2016-18 (PB), compared to those from the previous period (2010-2015, PPB). Cases recorded in the mandatory notification system (general practice, hospitalization and microbiology) from 2010 to 2018 were included. For the pre-outbreak period 2010-2015 (PPB) it was calculated the average of cases/four-week period to compare observed/expected cases; the incidence (I) [cases/100,000 inhabitants (c/105h)] by sex and age was compared with the PPB through the Relative Risk (RR). It were sent messages with recommendations through men who have sex with men (MSM) reference websites. RESULTS: The outbreak lasted 80 weeks (september of 2016 to march of 2018). The incidence was 3 cases/105h in men and 0.5 cases/105h in women. Compared to the PPB, the RR-PB in men was 4.8 (95%CI=4-7) and 20.4 (95%CI=5-87) in 40-44 years. 42% of men declared to have relationships with other men (57% in 20-30 years). At the end of 2016, a message with recommendations (specially vaccination) was sent via Wapo (promoted to MSM through one of its reference websites), where 331 entries were registered. CONCLUSIONS: HA's incidence, in Galicia, increased in 2016-2018 by an outbreak in MSM. We found an increased susceptibility among young people which makes necessary to insist on the vaccination of groups at risk


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vírus da Hepatite A/patogenicidade , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Espanha/epidemiologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Incidência
7.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 30(2): 154-157, mar.-abr. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-151050

RESUMO

En la actualidad, la vigilancia epidemiológica sigue centrada, en España, en las enfermedades transmisibles incluidas en la lista de enfermedades de declaración obligatoria. Sin embargo, el patrón epidemiológico que dominó hasta las últimas décadas del siglo XX ha cambiado. Las enfermedades infecciosas, que eran las principales causas de morbimortalidad, han dado paso a un predominio de las enfermedades crónicas. En este sentido, se ha avanzado en la redacción y la aprobación de normativa específica sobre vigilancia de la salud pública. No obstante, tenemos pendiente el desarrollo de esta normativa que, entre otros puntos, recoge el mandato de organizar la vigilancia de las enfermedades no transmisibles en España. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir algunas características a tener en cuenta para desarrollar un sistema nacional de vigilancia de la salud pública vinculado a las estrategias ya existentes para la prevención y el control de las enfermedades crónicas (AU)


At present, epidemiological surveillance in Spain remains focused on the communicable diseases included in the list of notifiable diseases. However, there has been a change in epidemiological pattern that predominated until the last few decades of the twentieth century. Infectious diseases, which used to be the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, have given way to a predominance of chronic diseases. In this regard, progress has been made in the drafting and adoption of specific legal regulations on public health monitoring. However, Spain has yet to develop this legislation which, among other elements, includes the mandate to organize the surveillance of non-communicable diseases in Spain. This article aims to describe some points that should be considered in the development of a national surveillance system linked to existing strategies for the prevention and control of chronic diseases (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Crônica/prevenção & controle , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Serviços de Vigilância Epidemiológica , Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais
8.
Gac Sanit ; 30(2): 154-7, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26832857

RESUMO

At present, epidemiological surveillance in Spain remains focused on the communicable diseases included in the list of notifiable diseases. However, there has been a change in epidemiological pattern that predominated until the last few decades of the twentieth century. Infectious diseases, which used to be the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, have given way to a predominance of chronic diseases. In this regard, progress has been made in the drafting and adoption of specific legal regulations on public health monitoring. However, Spain has yet to develop this legislation which, among other elements, includes the mandate to organize the surveillance of non-communicable diseases in Spain. This article aims to describe some points that should be considered in the development of a national surveillance system linked to existing strategies for the prevention and control of chronic diseases.


Assuntos
Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Humanos , Morbidade , Espanha/epidemiologia
9.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 75(2): 159-170, mar. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-9105

RESUMO

Fundamento: La aparición de un número elevado de casos de brucelosis entre los trabajadores de un matadero en Zaragoza, en el que se sacrificaba ganado ovino procedente de las campañas de saneamiento ganadero, hizo iniciar una investigación para esclarecer el origen del brote. Métodos: El estudio se estructuró en tres partes: 1) Descripción del brote; 2) Estudio de la estructura y actividad del matadero en cuanto al número de animales sacrificados, carga de trabajo del personal y riesgo por zona de trabajo y 3) Estudio de casos y controles no apareado. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas entre las tasas de ataque por secciones de trabajo. El análisis del sacrificio reveló una variación concomitante entre las curvas de sacrificio de ovino de saneamiento y la epidémica. El estudio de casos y controles no reveló diferencias significativas para los siguientes factores de riesgo: trabajo en zona de riesgo, uso de medidas de protección y realización de cortes y heridas. Conclusiones: El brote está relacionado con el sacrificio de ovino de saneamiento. El que no se observaran diferencias significativas por secciones o por trabajar en la zona de riesgo es compatible con una exposición generalizada. Tampoco se observaron diferencias entre los trabajadores respecto a la realización de cortes y heridas o el uso de medidas de protección, lo que da importancia a la transmisión aérea (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Surtos de Doenças , Matadouros , Espanha , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Brucelose , Doenças Profissionais
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